Nivoi engleskog jezika · nivo B1
Treći kondicional (B1) — objašnjenje i vežbe
Treći kondicional (third conditional) koristimo kada zamišljamo da se u prošlosti desilo nešto drugačije i govorimo o rezultatu koji bi tada usledio: If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train. Pošto se prošlost ne može promeniti, ova konstrukcija često izražava žaljenje ili kritiku: If I hadn't forgotten, she wouldn't have been upset. Na srpskom je to „da smo ranije krenuli, stigli bismo na voz“.
Za nivo B1 ključno je da pravilno sklopiš oba dela rečenice, da ne staviš would u if-deo i da razlikuješ treći kondicional od drugog, koji govori o sadašnjosti. Ispod su pravila, primeri i najčešće greške, a u kvizu ih proveravaš uz objašnjenje na srpskom za svaki odgovor.
Vežbaj treći kondicional →Oblik: if + Past Perfect, would have + V3
U if-delu (uslov) stoji Past Perfect, odnosno had + treći oblik glagola: If you had asked me. U glavnoj rečenici (rezultat) stoji would have + treći oblik: I would have helped you. Odrični oblici su hadn't + V3 i wouldn't have + V3: If he hadn't driven so fast, the police wouldn't have stopped him. Delovi mogu da zamene mesta bez promene značenja: I would have waved if I had seen him. Pazi na treći oblik nepravilnih glagola: had known, had taken, had come, had been, a ne had knew ili had came. Kada je glavni glagol have, dobijamo had had: If I had had more time, I would have visited the museum.
Šta se stvarno desilo: obrni obe polovine
Treći kondicional uvek opisuje suprotno od stvarnosti. If Ana had taken a taxi, she wouldn't have been late znači da Ana nije uzela taksi i da je zakasnila. Da bi sastavio rečenicu iz stvarne situacije, obrni oba dela, tako da potvrdno postane odrično i obrnuto. Stefan je slomio nogu i nije igrao u finalu, pa kažemo: If Stefan hadn't broken his leg, he would have played in the final. Kada je stvarnost u pasivu, i uslov ostaje u pasivu: The concert was cancelled, pa If it hadn't been cancelled, we would have gone. Pitanje se gradi sa would ispred subjekta: What would you have done if you had missed the last bus?
Treći ili drugi kondicional
Drugi kondicional (if + Past Simple, would + osnovni glagol) govori o zamišljenoj sadašnjosti ili budućnosti: Marko doesn't have a car at the moment. If he had a car, he would drive us. Treći kondicional govori o prošlosti: Jelena didn't have a car last week. If she had had a car, she would have driven us. Vremenski izrazi yesterday, last night i last year jasno ukazuju na treći. Kada rečenicu prebacuješ u prošlost, menjaš oba dela: If I had a map, I would find the way postaje If I had had a map, I would have found the way. Ako promeniš samo jedan deo, rečenica nije ispravna.
Could have, might have i skraćenica 'd
Umesto would have u rezultatu mogu da stoje could have (bio bih u mogućnosti) i might have (možda): If you had told me earlier, I could have changed my plans. If we had trained harder, we might have won. Will have i must have ne grade treći kondicional. Skraćenica 'd znači dve različite stvari: u if-delu je to had (If I'd seen you), a u glavnoj rečenici ispred have je to would (I'd have said hello). Najčešća greška je would have posle if: If she would have called je pogrešno, a pravilno je If she had called, I would have answered.
Primeri
If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
Da smo ranije krenuli, stigli bismo na voz.
If her alarm had gone off, Mia wouldn't have missed the flight.
Da joj je alarm zazvonio, Mia ne bi propustila let.
I wouldn't have known if you hadn't told me.
Ne bih znao da mi nisi rekao.
What would you have done if you had missed the last bus?
Šta bi uradio da si propustio poslednji autobus?
If I had stayed longer, I could have seen the Vatican Museums.
Da sam ostala duže, mogla sam da vidim Vatikanske muzeje.
If I had known you were vegetarian, I wouldn't have cooked meat.
Da sam znao da si vegetarijanac, ne bih kuvao meso.
Najčešće greške
- • If she would have called, I would have answered → If she had called, I would have answered.
- • If I had knew the answer, I would have told you → If I had known the answer, I would have told you.
- • If we had left earlier, we would catch the train → If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
- • If she didn't miss the bus, she would have arrived on time → If she hadn't missed the bus, she would have arrived on time.
- • If I had a map yesterday, I would have found the way → If I had had a map yesterday, I would have found the way.
Zašto vežbati treći kondicional na Spremku
Kviz ne proverava samo oblik, nego i razumevanje: šta se stvarno desilo, kada je u pitanju drugi, a kada treći kondicional i šta znači 'd. Svaki odgovor ima objašnjenje na srpskom, zadaci su na nivou B1, a vežbe su besplatne i ne traže registraciju.
Česta pitanja
Kako se gradi treći kondicional?
If + Past Perfect (had + V3) u uslovu i would have + V3 u rezultatu: If I had seen you, I would have said hello.
Može li would da stoji posle if?
Ne u trećem kondicionalu. Posle if ide had + V3: If they had left, a ne If they would have left.
Koja je razlika između drugog i trećeg kondicionala?
Drugi govori o zamišljenoj sadašnjosti ili budućnosti (If I had a car, I would drive you), a treći o zamišljenoj prošlosti (If I had had a car, I would have driven you).