Nivoi engleskog jezika · nivo B2
Future Perfect i Future Continuous (B2) — objašnjenje i vežbe
Future Continuous (will be + -ing) i Future Perfect (will have + V3) gledaju budućnost iz određenog trenutka. Prvi kaže šta će u tom trenutku biti u toku: This time tomorrow I'll be lying on a beach in Greece. Drugi kaže šta će do tog trenutka već biti završeno: By the end of the month, we will have finished the project.
Uz njih ide i Future Perfect Continuous (will have been + -ing), koji meri koliko će nešto trajati do budućeg trenutka: At midnight tonight, Ivana will have been working for twenty hours. Srpski ove razlike obično ne izražava posebnim glagolskim oblikom, pa je ključno prepoznati signale kao što su this time tomorrow, by Friday i for six years.
Vežbaj Future Perfect i Future Continuous →Future Continuous: radnja u toku u budućem trenutku
Oblik je will be + -ing: At 6 p.m. I'll be cleaning the flat (u 18 h ću biti usred čišćenja). Tipični signali su this time tomorrow, this time next week, at 9 tomorrow i when you arrive: When you arrive, I'll be waiting for you at the gate. Često objašnjava zašto nešto nije moguće: Sorry, I can't meet you at 5 — I'll be giving my presentation then. Koristi se i za radnje koje će se ionako desiti, po planu ili rutini: I'll be seeing Ana at the meeting tomorrow, so I can give her the book. Može izraziti i pretpostavku o sadašnjosti: Don't phone Grandma now — she'll be having her afternoon nap.
Future Perfect: završeno do roka
Oblik je will have + V3, a tipičan signal je by + vreme, odnosno najkasnije do: by Friday, by then, by the end of the year, by the time you get home. Posle by the time ide present simple, a u glavnoj rečenici Future Perfect: By the time the guests arrive, the kids will have eaten all the snacks. Odrično: She won't have finished her homework by 7. U pasivu: The new hospital will have been built by the end of next year. Future Perfect može izraziti i pretpostavku da se nešto verovatno već desilo: Lena will have arrived in Tokyo by now. Uz for izražava i trajanje: Next June, my parents will have been married for thirty years.
Future Perfect Continuous, by i until
Will have been + -ing meri trajanje radnje koja će u budućem trenutku još trajati: By the end of this year, Nikola will have been studying English for six years. Glagoli stanja nemaju trajne oblike: By next month, I will have known her for ten years, a ne will have been knowing. Uz live i work moguća su oba oblika: In July, my grandparents will have lived (ili will have been living) in this village for fifty years. By znači rok za završetak: Will you have finished the report by Friday? Until znači da radnja traje sve do tog trenutka: I'll be working on this report until Friday.
Kako izabrati: u toku ili završeno
Postavi pitanje: šta će biti u tom trenutku? Ako će radnja trajati, ide will be + -ing: At 9 tomorrow, I'll be driving to work. Ako će biti gotova, ide will have + V3: By 9 tomorrow, I'll have driven to work. Ista logika važi za rečenicu The film starts at 8. If we leave at 8:15, it will have started, jer će film tada već početi. Will you be + -ing služi i za uljudna pitanja o tuđim planovima, kada ne želimo da zvuči kao da tražimo uslugu: Will you be using the car this evening? Posle will uvek ide have, nikad has: She will have left by noon.
Primeri
This time next week, we'll be flying across the Atlantic.
U ovo vreme sledeće nedelje letećemo preko Atlantika.
Don't worry about the dishes — I'll have done them by the time you get home.
Ne brini za sudove, biće oprani dok stigneš kući.
By 2030, I hope scientists will have found a cure for this disease.
Nadam se da će naučnici do 2030. pronaći lek za ovu bolest.
Will you be passing the post office on your way home?
Da li ćeš usput prolaziti pored pošte?
By the end of this year, Nikola will have been studying English for six years.
Do kraja godine Nikola će učiti engleski već šest godina.
Najčešće greške
- • Radnja u toku umesto završene uz by: The paint will be drying by tomorrow morning → The paint will have dried by tomorrow morning.
- • Has posle will: She will has left by noon → She will have left by noon.
- • Trajni oblik glagola stanja: I will have been knowing her for ten years → I will have known her for ten years.
- • Until umesto by uz rok: Will you have finished the report until Friday? → Will you have finished the report by Friday?
- • Will posle by the time: By the time you will get home, I will have cooked dinner → By the time you get home, I will have cooked dinner.
Zašto vežbati Future Perfect i Future Continuous na Spremku
Pitanja su građena oko vremenskih signala (this time tomorrow, by the time, until), pa se uči kako da prepoznaš da li je radnja u budućem trenutku u toku ili već završena. Svako objašnjenje na srpskom kaže i šta bi pogrešan oblik značio. Vežbe su prilagođene nivou B2, besplatne i bez registracije.
Česta pitanja
Koja je razlika između will be doing i will have done?
Will be doing (Future Continuous) znači da će radnja biti u toku u budućem trenutku: At 8 I'll be having dinner. Will have done (Future Perfect) znači da će radnja do tog trenutka biti završena: By 8 I'll have had dinner.
Da li uz Future Perfect ide by ili until?
By, jer označava rok do kog će radnja biti gotova: by Friday, by the time you arrive. Until znači da radnja traje sve do tog trenutka i prirodno ide uz Future Continuous: I'll be working on this report until Friday.
Zašto je Will you be using the car? uljudnije pitanje?
Oblik will you be + -ing pita o planovima koje osoba već ima, bez utiska da od nje nešto tražimo. Zato se koristi kada se pripremamo da zamolimo za uslugu: Will you be going to the supermarket later? Could you get me some milk?