Nivoi engleskog jezika · nivo B2
Glagolski obrasci u engleskom (B2) — objašnjenje i vežbe
Na nivou B1 je dovoljno znati da posle enjoy ide -ing, a posle decide to + infinitiv. Na nivou B2 dolaze glagoli kod kojih postoje oba oblika, ali sa različitim značenjem: I remember locking the door nije isto što i Remember to lock the door, a She stopped eating sugar nije isto što i We stopped to have a coffee.
Tu su i izrazi u kojima je to predlog, a ne deo infinitiva (be used to, look forward to, object to), obrasci sa make, let i allow i ustaljeni izrazi kao it's no use, worth i can't help. Ovde su grupisani po logici, na srpskom, a u kvizu ih proveravaš u kontekstu.
Vežbaj glagolske obrasce →Remember, forget, stop, try, regret: -ing ili to
Remember i forget + -ing odnose se na nešto što se već desilo: I clearly remember locking the door, I'll never forget seeing the Northern Lights. Sa to + infinitiv odnose se na obavezu: Remember to switch off the lights, Don't forget to call your grandmother. Stop + -ing znači prestati (stop eating so much sugar), a stop + to zastati da bi se uradilo nešto drugo (We stopped to have a coffee on the way). Try + to znači truditi se (I tried very hard to stay calm), a try + -ing isprobati kao eksperiment (Try adding a little salt). Regret + -ing je žaljenje za prošlošću, a regret to inform je formalno saopštavanje loše vesti.
Go on, mean, need: još parova sa promenom značenja
Go on + -ing znači nastaviti istu radnju: She went on talking even though everyone asked her to stop. Go on + to znači preći na nešto novo: After losing the first set, the young player went on to win the match. Mean + to znači nameravati (I meant to call you yesterday, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings), a mean + -ing podrazumevati ili imati za posledicu (Taking this job would mean moving to another city). Need + -ing ima pasivno značenje: This shirt needs washing, odnosno needs to be washed. Need to wash bi značilo da košulja treba nešto da opere. Pasivni gerund glasi being + V3: I'll never forget being bitten by a dog.
Be used to, get used to i used to
Used to + infinitiv opisuje prošlu naviku koje više nema: I used to walk to school every day, but now I drive. Be used to znači biti naviknut, a get used to navikavati se. U oba izraza to je predlog, pa posle njega ide imenica ili -ing: I'm used to getting up early, It took me months to get used to driving on the left, Before I came to Spain, I wasn't used to having dinner so late. Isto važi za look forward to, object to, be committed to i admit to: I look forward to hearing from you, She strongly objects to being treated like a child. Najčešća greška je infinitiv posle ovih izraza: I'm used to work at night.
Make, let, allow, would rather i ustaljeni izrazi
Make i let traže objekat i infinitiv bez to: My parents made me tidy my room, My boss let me go home early. U pasivu se kod make vraća to: I was made to rewrite the report. Let nema pasiv u ovom značenju, pa se koristi be allowed to: Students are not allowed to use their phones. Bez objekta posle allow ide -ing: The museum doesn't allow taking photos. Would rather traži infinitiv bez to (I'd rather stay at home), a would prefer to + infinitiv. Sa drugim subjektom posle would rather ide prošlo vreme: I'd rather you didn't use my laptop. Posle it's no use, worth, can't help i there's no point in ide -ing: This book is worth reading.
Primeri
I clearly remember locking the door.
Jasno se sećam da sam zaključao vrata.
Remember to switch off the lights before you leave.
Ne zaboravi da ugasiš svetla pre nego što odeš.
We stopped to have a coffee on the way to the airport.
Usput do aerodroma svratili smo na kafu.
Try adding a little salt.
Probaj da dodaš malo soli.
I'm used to getting up early.
Navikla sam da ustajem rano.
I'd rather you didn't use my laptop without asking.
Radije bih da ne koristiš moj laptop bez pitanja.
Najčešće greške
- • Infinitiv posle be used to: I'm used to work at night → I'm used to working at night.
- • To posle make i let: They made me to pay for the damage → They made me pay for the damage.
- • Infinitiv posle look forward to: I look forward to hear from you → I look forward to hearing from you.
- • Stop + to umesto -ing: You should stop to eat so much sugar → You should stop eating so much sugar.
- • Than posle prefer: I prefer cycling than going by bus → I prefer cycling to going by bus.
Zašto vežbati glagolske obrasce na Spremku
Kod ovih glagola nije dovoljno zapamtiti listu, jer isti glagol sa -ing i sa to znači dve različite stvari. Zato pitanja daju kontekst (before you leave, but now it's open, on the way), a objašnjenje na srpskom kaže šta bi drugi oblik značio. Vežbe su prilagođene nivou B2, besplatne i bez registracije.
Česta pitanja
Koja je razlika između remember doing i remember to do?
Remember + -ing je sećanje na nešto što si već uradio: I remember locking the door. Remember + to + infinitiv je obaveza koju ne treba zaboraviti: Remember to lock the door. Ista razlika važi za forget.
Koja je razlika između used to, be used to i get used to?
Used to + infinitiv je prošla navika koje više nema: I used to work at night. Be used to + -ing znači biti naviknut, a get used to + -ing navikavati se: I'm used to working at night, I'm getting used to working at night.
Zašto se kaže look forward to seeing, a ne to see?
Zato što je u look forward to reč to predlog, a posle predloga glagol dobija -ing: I'm really looking forward to seeing you. Isto važi za be used to, object to i admit to.